System architecture, specifications, and operating principles
VoltEdge uses an AC-coupled architecture rather than DC coupling to the vehicle battery. The system activates and manages the EV's built-in V2L (Vehicle-to-Load) inverter instead of adding an external bidirectional inverter.
Power flow paths:
This approach leverages the vehicle's existing certified power electronics and BMS integration rather than duplicating functionality externally.
EVSE Module: Level 2 AC charging up to 11.5kW (240V, 48A). Includes J1772 pilot signal control for V2L activation.
Transfer Switch: Automatic or manual switching between grid power and vehicle discharge. Anti-islanding protection prevents backfeed to grid during outages.
Control System: Monitors grid status, manages charge/discharge cycles, enforces discharge limits, handles scheduling. Connected via WiFi/Bluetooth for remote access.
Safety Interlocks: Overcurrent protection, GFCI, temperature monitoring, ground fault detection, pilot signal monitoring per J1772 standard.
| Charging Power | Up to 11.5 kW (240V, 48A) - limited by vehicle onboard charger |
| Discharge Power | 3.6-7.2 kW typical (vehicle V2L dependent), up to 9.6 kW (Ford F-150 Lightning) |
| Input Voltage | 208-240V AC, single phase (North America) / 230V AC (Europe) |
| Connection Standard | J1772 (North America) / Type 2 (Europe) |
| Transfer Switch | Automatic (1-2 second transfer time) or manual |
| Communication | WiFi 2.4/5GHz, Bluetooth 5.0, Ethernet optional |
| Operating Temp | -20°C to 50°C (-4°F to 122°F) |
| Enclosure Rating | NEMA 3R (outdoor, rain/snow protection) |
| Compliance | Designed for NEC Article 625 (EVSE), 702 (Standby Systems). UL certification in progress. |
VoltEdge requires V2L capability. V2L is separate from DC bidirectional—many vehicles have V2L but cannot discharge via CCS/CHAdeMO.
Important: Some vehicles have V2L via a separate 120V/230V outlet rather than through the charge port. These may require adapter configuration. Contact us for specific vehicle compatibility confirmation.
Most V2L-enabled vehicles require specific pilot signal sequences to activate discharge mode. VoltEdge handles this automatically for supported models. New vehicle models are added via OTA firmware updates as they become available.
Functions as Level 2 EVSE. Charging rate limited by vehicle's onboard charger (typically 7.2-11 kW). Supports scheduled charging for TOU optimization.
During grid outages, automatically or manually switches to vehicle discharge. Powers critical loads or whole-home depending on configuration. Anti-islanding protection prevents grid backfeed.
Discharge limits can be set to preserve driving range (e.g., stop at 40% SoC).
Scheduled discharge during expensive peak hours, charge during cheap off-peak periods. Requires utility permission in some jurisdictions (check local regulations).
Coordinate with solar production via manual scheduling or API integration with compatible energy management systems. Charge EV during excess solar production, discharge during evening peaks or when solar isn't producing.
Export to grid requires utility interconnection agreement. Not available in all regions. Some V2G programs specifically require DC bidirectional capability. Check with your utility and local regulations.
Runtime depends on vehicle battery capacity, load, and discharge limits:
7.2 kW vehicles: ~30 miles range/hour, 9-10 hours for 0-80% (65 kWh battery)
11 kW vehicles: ~40-45 miles range/hour, 6-7 hours for 0-80% (65 kWh battery)
Charging: 88-94% (grid to battery, limited by vehicle onboard charger)
Discharge: 85-92% (battery to home loads, limited by vehicle V2L inverter)
Round-trip: ~75-87% (charge then discharge cycle)
Efficiency losses occur primarily in the vehicle's power electronics, not VoltEdge hardware. Switching and control losses are minimal (~1-2%).
REST API available for integration with home energy management systems, solar monitoring, and automation platforms. Documentation provided after installation.
OTA updates for bug fixes, new vehicle compatibility, feature additions. Updates can be scheduled or applied manually via app.
Designed to meet:
Installation requirement: Must be installed by licensed electrician. Permits required per local authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). Improper installation voids warranty and creates safety hazards.
3-year limited warranty on hardware. 1-year warranty on installation when performed by VoltEdge-certified installer. Does not cover vehicle battery degradation or damage to vehicle systems.
Limited to vehicle V2L output (3.6-7.2kW typical). Cannot power high-draw appliances simultaneously during outages (central AC + electric range + dryer). DC bidirectional systems provide higher discharge rates (11-25kW) if needed.
V2H cycling adds charge/discharge cycles beyond normal driving. Daily arbitrage (10 kWh) adds ~49 equivalent cycles/year on a 75 kWh pack. Occasional backup use has minimal impact. See FAQs for detailed discussion.
Most automakers don't explicitly cover V2L/V2H usage in battery warranties. Check with your vehicle manufacturer. Some (Ford, Hyundai) have clarified V2L is covered, others haven't made official statements.
V2G (grid export) requires utility interconnection agreement. Not available in all regions. Regulations vary significantly by jurisdiction.
Installation Guide - Requirements, process, electrical specifications
FAQs - Common questions and answers
Contact - Technical support and compatibility inquiries